Hatshepsut reign = 1503-1482 reigned 22 years (Candidate for Pharaoh of Exodus) 1486 B.C. [14] Of all of Thutmose IV's dated monuments, three date to his first regnal year, one to his fourth, possibly one to his fifth, one to his sixth, two to his seventh, and one to his eighth. So Moses was 80 at the time of the first Passover and exodus from Egypt. Thutmose IV as a Candidate for the Eldest Son of Amenhotep II. Both the records of Flavius Josephus and an honest study of the chronology of the period attest to us that an 18th Dynasty pharaoh named Thutmose (called Tethmosis by Josephus, Against Apion 1.91-94, most probably Thutmose III) was the pharaoh of the Exodus. If Thutmose II was in fact the Pharaoh of the: Exodus, there are some very interesting coincidences to support this. He was the general of Thutmose III who was probably the Exodus pharaoh. According to Thutmose's account on the Dream Stele, while the young prince was out on a hunting trip, he stopped to rest under the head of the Sphinx, which was buried up to the neck in sand. Upon the death of Thutmose in 1450, Amenhotep II assumed the sole leadership of the country.”. Tushratta states to Akhenaten that: When [Menkheperure], the father of Nimmureya (i.e., Amenhotep III) wrote to Artatama, my grandfather, he asked for the daughter of my grandfather, the sister of my father. Interestingly enough, John Garstang, who excavated the site of ancient Jericho (city “D” or “IV” in his survey), came to the conclusion that the destruction of the city took place around 1400 (The Story of Jericho, 1948, p. 122). it is a faithful restoration of a substantially identical text commissioned by Thutmose IV.4 We may therefore accept the stele’s contents as authentic. 1446-1431. 1445 B.C.) Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society. Since the highest known date from the monu-. The exodus occurred in Thutmose III’s 18 year of rule after his mother died. Those who hold to the Late Date set the exodus somewhere around 1250 BC, which would make Seti I and Ramesses II the two pharaohs. "[20] This small alabaster chapel and peristyle hall of Thutmose IV[21] has today been carefully restored by French scholars from the Centre Franco-Egyptien D'Étude des Temple de Karnak (CFEETK) mission in Karnak.[22]. "[2] He was the son of Amenhotep II and Tiaa. Journal: Journal of the Evangelical Theological SocietyVolume: JETS 22:2 (Jun 1979)Article: The Sphinx Stele Of Thutmose IV And The Date Of The ExodusAuthor: Charles F. Aling, The Sphinx Stele Of Thutmose IV And The Date Of The Exodus, Defenders of the early date of the exodus (ca. An inscription between the paws, the “Dream Stela” or “Sphinx Stella,” tells how Thutmose IV was promised kingship by Harmakhis, god of the Sphinx, even though he was not the first-born son of Amehotep IIB. 18th Dynasty. It was transported to the grounds of the Circus Maximus in Rome by Emperor Constantius II in 357 AD and, later, "re-erected by Pope Sixtus V in 1588 at the Piazza San Giovanni" where it is today known as the Lateran Obelisk. There are two prominent views for the date of the exodus. Thutmose IV was born to Amenhotep II and Tiaa, but was not actually the crown prince and Amenhotep II's chosen successor to the throne. His hair, which is parted in the middle, is about 16 cm (6.3 in) long and dark reddish-brown. His prenomen or royal name, Menkheperure, means "Established in forms is Re. Those who hold to the Early Date see the exodus taking place in c. 1446 BC, with either Thutmose II/Thutmose III or Thutmose III/Amenhotep II as the pharaohs of the oppression and exodus. The papyrus describes violent upheavals in Egypt, starvation, drought, escape of slaves (with the wealth of the Egyptians), and death throughout the land. Invariably such searches culminate in references to the Sphinx Stele of Thutmose IV,1 the son of the pharaoh of the exodus, Amenhotep II. After completing the restoration of the Sphinx, he placed a carved stone tablet, now known as the Dream Stele, between the two paws of the Sphinx. Ossipumphnoferu. Exodus 5:2 - And Pharaoh said, Who [is] the LORD, that I should obey his voice to let Israel go? It also connects to Thutmose I’s daughter, Hatshepsut, a female co-regent (Exodus 2:5–6) whose stepson worked to counter her legacy (Exodus 2:14–15). 2. Philipp von Zabern, Mainz, (1997) p.190, Wente, E.F.; and Van Siclen, C. "A Chronology of the New Kingdom." Heir Apparent Mysteriously Dies: Thutmose IV Ascends Throne. The length of his reign is not as clear as one would wish. have long sought Egyptian inscriptional evidence of the deaths of Egypt’s firstborn sons as described in Exod 12:29 ff. Due to the absence of higher dates for Thutmose IV after his Year 8 Konosso stela,[16] Manetho's figures here are usually accepted. This means that Thutmose IV was not the firstborn son, who would have been the legitimate heir. Exodus 1446. AMENHOTEP III 1390-1352 An examination of his mummy conducted by Grafton Elliot Smith revealed that he was extremely emaciated at the time of his death. The Pharaoh of the Exodus did not die in the Red Sea. Thutmose IV who had been a young general at the time of the Exodus succeeded him around the time of the entry into Canaan c. 1400 BCE. (2) Was Thutmose IV old enough before the exodus to hunt and have dreams such as the one recounted on the stele? Exodus occurs in spring of 1446BC . In this famous stele, set up between the forepaws of the great sphinx at Giza in year one of the reign of Thutmose IV, the young king recounts an incident that occurred some years earlier during the reign of his father Amenhotep II. Pharaoh of the Exodus Thutmose II 1515?-1505 Died prematurely Hatshepsut 1515?-1484 Married her brother Thutmose 11 Thutmose III 1504-1450 Married Hatshepsut's daughter Merytre Thutmose IV 1415?-1405 Amenhotep III 1405-1370 Amenhotep IV 1370-1352 Also called Akenaten the heretic king Tutankhamun 1349? Only Thutmose II remains for discussion. He continued to rule after his father when the 18th Dynasty was at its height of power. His son and successor, Thutmose IV, also fits well as the son of the Pharaoh after the Exodus. ... Hatshepshut (with any dangerous tendancies against Moses) that could be a part of this Egyptian intrigue, would be Thutmose III, Amenhotep II, Thutmose IV, Amenhotep III, and Amenhotep IV/Anhkenaton, then Tutanhkamon. 4 According to the “Dream Stele,” the god Har-em-akht promised the throne to Thutmose IV on the condition that he restore the exposure of the Sphinx, which apparently had been covered by sand. Thutmose IV completed the eastern obelisk at the Temple of Karnak started by Thutmose III, which, at 32 m (105 ft), was the tallest obelisk ever erected in Egypt. Thutmose IV went to some pains to legitimatize his right to the throne. Firstly, ancient Jewish writers will be considered that especially mention chronology concerning the Exodus. The “early” 1446 BC date of the exodus would align the slaughter of infants (Exodus 1:16–21) with either Thutmose I or Amenhotep I, whose reputations would support such an act. The Sphinx Stele Of Thutmose IV And The Date Of The Exodus . Exodus 14:30 (The Israel Bible TM) Parade of Pharaohs in Cairo (Photo via Twitter Svend Olling) ... Ahmose Nefertari, Amenhotep I, Thutmose I, Thutmose II, Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Amenhotep II, Thutmose IV, Amenhotep III, Seti I, Ramses II, Merenptah, Seti II, Siptah, Ramses III, Ramses IV, Ramses V, Ramses VI and Ramses IX. 1406-1396. The ruler of the land at that time was believed to Thutmose II, who was also referred to as Gardiner. It says Thutmose IV was not the legitimate successor to the throne (James B. Pritchard, ed., Ancient Near-Eastern Texts, p. 449). Thutmose I 1530-1515 ? The second question deserves deeper investigation. BSpade 16:2 (Spring 2003) p. 48 Charles F. Aling* Defenders of the early date of the exodus (ca. Furthermore, the “Dream Stele” of Thutmose IV (1419-1386 BC), son of Amenhotep II (see the Chart of the Pharaohs of the Exodus), states that he was not the legitimate successor to the throne. This means he was not the firstborn son, who would have been the legitimate heir. An examination of his mummy conducted by Grafton Elliot Smithrevealed that he was extremely emaciated at the time of his death. [24], In April 2021 his mummy was moved from the Museum of Egyptian Antiquities to the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization along with those of 17 other kings and 4 queens in an event termed the Pharaohs' Golden Parade. In this famous stele, set up between the forepaws of the great sphinx at Giza in year one … Thutmose IV's role in initiating contact with Egypt's former rival, Mitanni, is documented by Amarna letter EA 29 composed decades later by Tushratta, a Mittanian king who ruled during the reign of Akhenaten, Thutmose IV's grandson. During their reigns, tribute payments from foreign neighbors continued, and … The forearms are crossed over the chest, right over left. C.N. [8] His successor Amenhotep II, Thutmose IV's father, took the throne and ruled for at least 26 years[9] but has been assigned up to 35 years in some chronological reconstructions. ... Israel in Egypt: The Evidence for the Authenticity of the Exodus Tradition by James K. Hoffmeier. No campaigns after Exodus. His hair, which is … Historians considered him as a weak and lesser king, and he was greatly dominated by his wife Hatshepsut during his reign. For the exodus-pharaoh, the worst part of God's prediction … [15] The readings of the king's name in these dates are today accepted as referring to the prenomen of Thutmose III—Menkheperre—and not Menkhepe[ru]re Thutmose IV himself. 1431-1406. 1445 B.C.) If Amenhotep II was the exodus-pharaoh, his firstborn son had to die without the chance to … Thutmose IV I Akhet (-1388) to IV Peret 27 (-1377) 10 years, 7 months Possible interregnal period ruled by Vizier Yuya Perhaps tw o or more, up to five years Amenhotep III IV … This would account for both the untimely death of Thutmose IV and also his religious vision described on the Dream Stele, due to this type of epilepsy's association with intense spiritual visions and religiosity. Amenhotep II (Aakheperure) (second born son) 25. His height was given as 1.646 m (5 ft 4.8 in) but considering that the feet have been broken off post-mortem, his height in life would have been taller. For example one common Egyptian timeline has Thutmose II dying in 1486 B.C., this would therefore be considered the date of the Exodus. Thutmose IV = 1426--1417 reigned 10 years Thutmose IV was buried in tomb KV43 the Valley of the Kings but his body was later moved to the mummy cache in KV35, where it was discovered by Victor Loret in 1898. THUTMOSE IV (1398–1388 BC) Maintained the vast empire won by Thutmose III without the need of much fighting with Egypt’s rivals, such as Mitanni, who vied for control in the northern regions. *Charles Aling is professor of history and Biblical archaeology at Tennessee Temple Schools, Chattanooga, Tennessee. Num 32:13 And the LORD'S anger was kindled against Israel, and he made them wander in the wilderness forty years, until all the generation, that had done evil in the sight of the LORD, was consumed. [13] There were once chronological reconstructions which gave him a reign as long as 34–35 years. [18], Thutmose IV also built a unique chapel and peristyle hall against the back or eastern walls of the main Karnak temple building. Considering the racially tumultuous history… (Archaeological evidence reveals that the wall of Jericho fell c. 1400 BCE.) It was a 'place of the ear' for the god Amun where the god could hear the prayers of the townspeople. The obvious implication is that Thutmose did not expect to inherit the crown of Egypt and that he had one or more older brothers with prior claim to Egypt’s throne. ments is year eight,5 and since Manetho, the Egyptian priest and chronographer of the Hellenistic period, gives Thutmose a reign of ... NEW CONTENT ADDED Sept 16, 2020: We added the most recent volumes available for all the existing journals and added the new Eikon journal. In 2012 a surgeon at Imperial College London analysed the early death of Thutmose IV and the premature deaths of other Eighteenth Dynasty pharaohs (including Tutankhamun and Akhenaten). In Exodus 4:19, God commanded Moses to go back to Egypt as all the men who wanted to kill him were already dead. The Holy Scriptures does not say Pharaoh drowned in the Red Sea. Dating the beginning of the reign of Thutmose IV is difficult to do with certainty because he is several generations removed from the astronomical dates which are usually used to calculate Egyptian chronologies, and the debate over the proper interpretation of these observances has not been settled. SAOC 39, Nicolas Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt, Blackwell Books, 1992. p.303. oPapyrus 2:10- The river is blo… Thutmose III was the Pharaoh of the Exodus who reigned from 1485 to 1430 BC in three phases. In Exodus 4:19, God commanded Moses to go back to Egypt as all the men who wanted to kill him were already dead. According to the Bible, Moses was 80 … This promise implies … Thutmose I 1530-1515 ? State Museum of Egyptian Art, Munich. Amenhotep III 71-88 years Akenaton 88-89 Semenkare 89-99 yrs. I know not the LORD, neither will I let Israel go. His successor was Thutmose IV (1425-1417 B.C. - Exodus 14:6 suggests that Pharaoh personally assembled the army and possibly even accompanied them at the start, but no … One of those days it happened that the King’s Son Thut-mose … He soon fell asleep and had a dream in which the Sphinx told him that if he cleared away the sand and restored it he would become the next pharaoh. Second, the best understanding suggests that Amenhotep’s power did not pass to his eldest son, but rather to Thutmose IV, a younger son. [10] The currently preferred reconstruction, after analyzing all this evidence, usually comes to an accession date around 1401 BC[11] or 1400 BC[12] for the beginning of Thutmose IV's reign. While the young prince Thutmose rested after hunting in the Giza area, the god Harmakhis Kheper-Re-Atum appeared to him in a dream and promised him the throne if he would clear away the sand that had partially covered the sphinx. Reeves, Tuthmosis IV as 'great-grandfather' of Tut῾ankhamun, in: Göttinger Miszellen 56 (1982), 65-69. From Amarna, House P 48.1, Egypt. have long sought Egyptian inscriptional evidence of the deaths of Egypt’s firstborn sons as described in Exod 12:29 ff. It would place the life of Moses in the same general era as Hatshepsut, a woman who co-ruled Egypt (Exodus 2:5–6) and was at odds with her stepson Thutmose III. Betsy Bryan, who penned a biography of Thutmose IV, says that Thutmose IV's Konosso stela appears to refer to a minor desert patrol action on the part of the king's forces to protect certain gold-mine routes in Egypt's Eastern Desert from occasional attacks by the Nubians.
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